campbell biology concepts connections 8th edition

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Previous edition: Campbell biology: concepts & connections, 2012.

NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringBiology does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringBiology search for ISBN-10: 0133909700/ISBN-13: 9780133909708. That package includes ISBN-10: 0133917789//ISBN-13: 9780133917789 and ISBN-10: 0134001389/ISBN-13: 9780134001388. For non-majors/mixed biology courses. Helping students understand why biology matters Campbell Essential Biology makes biology interesting and understandable for non-majors biology students. This best-selling textbook, known for its scientific accuracy, clear explanations, and intuitive illustrations, has been revised to further emphasize the relevance of biology to everyday life, using memorable analogies, real-world examples, conversational language, engaging new Why Biology Matters photo essays, and more. New MasteringBiology activities engage students outside of the classroom and help students develop scientific literacy skills. Also available with MasteringBiology MasteringBiology is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product that improves results by helping students quickly master concepts. Students benefit from self-paced tutorials that feature immediate wrong-answer feedback and hints that emulate the office-hour experience to help keep students on track. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, many of them contributed by Essential Biology authors, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts. New MasteringBiology activities for this edition include "Essential Biology" videos that help students efficiently review key topics outside of class, "Evaluating Science in the Media" activities that help students to build science literacy skills, and "Scientific Thinking" coaching activities that guide students in understanding the scientific method.

Intended for non-majors or mixed biology courses. Soar to New Heights with Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections continues to introduce pedagogical innovations, which motivate students not only to learn, but also engage with biology. The Eighth Edition of this market-leading book builds on its hallmarks of accuracy, currency, and a dedication to revolutionizing teaching and learning solutions. This thorough revision focuses on providing instructors with the resources needed to invigorate the course and gives students the tools they need to succeed. This edition includes many new key figures to help students better visualize tough topics, while an increased emphasis on scientific thinking equips students to leave the course thinking like scientists. * This program presents a teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. Engage in biology and make important connections between concepts and unifying themes: Immerse students in the world of biology, so they understand the connections across biological concepts.*Focus on scientific thinking: Encourage students to think like scientists and develop scientific reasoning and literacy skills with new Scientific Thinking Modules and more. *Maximize learning and success: Give students the tools they need to become skilled at learning and understanding course material.

NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringBiology does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringBiology search for ISBN-10: 032196750X/ ISBN-13: 9780321967503. That package includes ISBN-10: 0321967674//ISBN-13: 9780321967671 and ISBN-10: 0134001389/ISBN-13: 9780134001388. For non-majors/mixed biology courses. Helping students understand why biology matters Campbell Essential Biology makes biology interesting and understandable for non-majors biology students. This best-selling textbook, known for its scientific accuracy, clear explanations, and intuitive illustrations, has been revised to further emphasize the relevance of biology to everyday life, using memorable analogies, real-world examples, conversational language, engaging new Why Biology Matters photo essays, and more. New MasteringBiology activities engage students outside of the classroom and help students develop scientific literacy skills. Also available with MasteringBiology MasteringBiology is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product that improves results by helping students quickly master concepts. Students benefit from self-paced tutorials that feature immediate wrong-answer feedback and hints that emulate the office-hour experience to help keep students on track. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, many of them contributed by Essential Biology authors, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts. New MasteringBiology activities for this edition include "Essential Biology" videos that help students efficiently review key topics outside of class, "Evaluating Science in the Media" activities that help students to build science literacy skills, and "Scientific Thinking" coaching activities that guide students in understanding the scientific method.

This #1 best-selling text in introductory biology combines the guiding principles of scientific accuracy, currency, and the power of text-art integration for teaching and learning biology. Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Editioncontinues to be the most accurate, current, and pedagogically effective non-majors text on the market. This extensive revision builds upon the book’s best-selling success with exciting new and updated features. Key concept modules, seamlessly combining text and illustrations, help students keep the big picture in mind and pace their learning, while making it easy for professors to assign selected sections within a chapter. Also within the text, a variety of new chapter opening essays, Connection Modules, and new Evolution Connection Modules help students recognize and appreciate the connections between biology and the world they live in. BioFlix animations, available on the companion website and as part of the instructor resources, offer students unprecedented help in understanding important topics and help invigorate lectures, assignments, or online courses. This text now includes access to MasteringBiology®. All resources previously found on mybiology are now located within the Study Area of MasteringBiology. KEY TOPICS:THE LIFE OF THE CELL, The Chemical Basis of Life, The Molecules of Cells, A Tour of the Cell, The Working Cell, How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy, Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food, The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance, Patterns of Inheritance, Molecular Biology of the Gene, How Genes Are Controlled, DNA Technology and Genomics, How Populations Evolve, The Origin of Species, Tracing Evolutionary History, The Origin and Evolution of Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists, Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of Land, The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity,The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity, Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function, Nutrition and Digestion, Gas Exchange, Circulation, The Immune System, Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance, Hormones and the Endocrine System, Reproduction and Embryonic Development, Nervous Systems, The Senses, How Animals Move, Plant Structure, Reproduction, and Development, Plant Nutrition and Transport, Control Systems in Plants, The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments, Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment, Population Ecology, Communities and Ecosystems, Conservation and Restoration Biology.For all readers interested in learning the basics of biology. 0321706943 / 9780321706942 Biology: Concepts & Connections with MasteringBiology™ Package consists of: 0321489845 / 9780321489845 Biology: Concepts and Connections 0321681770 / 9780321681775 MasteringBiology™ with Pearson eText Student Access Kit for Biology: Concepts and Connections (ME component)

This pioneering textbook invites students into the world of introductory biology, encouraging them to explore while providing tools to help them grasp the material. Designed to engage introductory students and make biology relevant to their lives, BIOLOGY: Concepts and Connections, Third Edition, emphasizes concepts through unique modules. Each module combines exceptional art, text that walks students through illustrations, accompanying interactive media, and compelling real-world connections. Every chapter begins with an interesting story and an outline of the topics and concepts that lie ahead. Major headings help students navigate the concept-based modules, which link logically together. After each module, a question prompts students to test their understanding. The text is the cornerstone of a fully-integrated learning package, including print and interactive media supplements, that promotes understanding of biology's important connections to our lives and to other natural sciences.

Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition provides essential, effective solutions to the challenges faced by instructors and their students in the non-majors biology course. Three features (Biology and Society, Process of Science, and Evolution Connections) found at the beginning, middle and end of every chapter give students a memorable framework to take with them into the future. One compelling topic anchors the three book features in each chapter to emphasize how biology is highly relevant. The book and the media are designed from the ground up to teach biology to a wide range of students. MasteringBiology, our online tutorial and assessment system, makes it easy to increase student participation and accountability. CampbellEssential Biology... Essential Solutions

MUch has changed in the world since the completion of the previous edition of BIOLOGY. In the realm of the biological sciences, the sequencing of the genomes of many more species has had deep ramifications in diverse areas of research, providing new insights, for example, into the evolutionary histories of numerous species. There has been an explosion of discovery about small RNA molecules and their roles in gene regulation and, at the other end of the size spectrum, our knowledge of Earth's biodiversity has expanded to encompass hundreds of new species, in· eluding parrots, monkeys, and orchids. And during the same period, biology has become more prominent than ever in our daily lives. The news is filled with stories about the promise of personalized medicine, novel cancer treatments, the possibility of producing biofuels with the help ofgenetic engineering, and the use of genetic profiling in solving crimes. Other news stories report climate change and ecological disasters, new drug-resistant strains of the pathogens that cause tuberculosis and parasitic infections, and famine-crises in the world around us that are posing new challenges for biologists and their allies in the other sciences. On a personal level, many colleagues and I have missed our inspiring friend, the late Neil Campbell, even as our commitment to leadership in biological education has grown. Our changing world needs biologists and a scientifically literate citizenry as never be· fore, and we are committed to working toward that goal. The New Coauthors The Seventh Edition of BIOLOGYhas been used by more stu· dents and instructors than any previous edition, remaining the most widely used college textbook in the sciences. With the privilege ofsharing biology with so many students comes the responsibility of improving the book to serve the biology community even better. For that reason, Neil would have been delighted to see that this Eighth Edition fulfills our decade-long goal of expanding the author team. As biological discoveries proliferated, Neil and I realized that it was becoming harder than ever to make judicious decisions about which biological concepts are most im~ portant to develop in depth in an introductory textbook. We needed an author team with first-hand expertise across the bio-logical spectrum, and we wanted coauthorswho had honed their teaching values in the classroom. Our new coauthors-Lisa Urry, Michael Cain, Steve Wasserman, Peter Minorsky, and Rob Jack· son-represent the highest standards of scientific scholarship across a broad range of disciplines and a deep commitment to undergraduate teaching. As described on pages iv-v, their scientific expertise ranges from molecules to ecosystems, and the schools where they teach range from small liberal arts colleges to large universities. In addition, both Lisa and Peter, as major contributors to earlier editions, had prior experience working on the book. The six of us have collaborated unusually closely, starting with book-wide planning meetings and continuing with frequent exchanges ofquestions and advice as we worked on our chapters. For each chapter, the revising author, editors, and I together for· mulated a detailed plan; subsequently, my own role involved commenting on early drafts and polishing the final version. Together, we have strived to extend the book's effectiveness for today's students and instructors, while maintaining its core values. Our Core Values What are the core values ofthis book? They start with getting the science right but then focus on helping students make sense of the science. Below I highlight our longtime values and describe how they've been put into practice in the Eighth Edition. You can see examples of many of the book's features in "To the Student: How to Use This Book" (pp. xiv-xix). Accuracy and Currency Getting the science right goes beyond making sure that the facts are accurate and up· to-date. Equally important is ensuring that our chapters reflect how scientists in the various subdisciplines ofbiology, from cell biology to ecology, currently view their area. Changes in the basic paradigms in various biological fields may call for us to reorganize some chapters and even create new ones in a new edition. For example, a new Chapter 21 discusses genomes and their evolution, and neurobiology is now covered in two chapters (Chapters 48 and 49), one focused on the cellular level and one at the organ system leveL On pages ix-x, you can read more about new content and organizational improvements in the Eighth Edition. A Framework of Key Concepts The explosion ofdiscoveries that makes biology so exciting today also threatens to suffocate students under an avalanche of infor~ mation. Our primary pedagogical goal is to help students build a framework for learning biology by organizing each chapter around a small number of "Key Concepts; typically three to six. Each chapter begins with a list ofits Key Concepts, a photograph that raises an intriguing question, and an Overview section that addresses the question and introduces the chapter. In the body of the chapter, each Key Concept serves as a nwnbered heading for a major section, in which the prose and pictures tell a more detailed story. At the end of each concept section, Concept Check questions enable students to assess their understanding of that concept before going on to the next concept. Students encounter the Key Concepts one last time when they reach the Qlapter Review at the end ofthe chapter; the Summaryof Key Concepts restates them and offers succinct explanatory support in both words and summary diagrams-new to this edition. Active Learning Increasingly, instructors tell us that they want their students to take a more active role in learning biology and to think about biological questions at a higher level. In the Eighth Edition, we provide several new ways for students to engage in active learning. First, the Concept Check questions in this edition build in difficulty, and each set now ends with a new "What if?~ question that challenges students to integrate what they have learned and to think analytically. There are also questions accompanying selected figures within the text; each of these questions encourages students to delve into the figure and assess their understanding of its underlying ideas. And new "Draw It~ exercises in every chapter ask students to put pencil to paper and draw a structure, annotate a figure, or graph experimental data. In addition to appearing regularly in the Chapter Review, a "Draw It~ question may show up in a Concept Check or figure legend. Finally, the website that accompanies the book features two especially exciting new student tools, both of which focus on biology's toughest topics: MasteringBiology tutorials and BioFlix 3-D animations and tutorials. These are described on page xx. Evolution and Other Unifying Themes Together with BIOLOGYs emphasis on key concepts, a thematic approach has always distinguished our book from an encyclopedia of biology. In the Eighth Edition, as previously, the central theme is evolution. Evolution unifies all of biology by accounting for both the unity and diversity of life and for the remarkable adaptations of organisms to their environments. The evolutionary theme is woven into every chapter of BIOLOGY, and Unit Four, Mechanisms of Evolution, has undergone a major revision. In Chapter I, the other unifying themes have been streamlined from ten to six. And throughout the book, these themes are now referenced more explicitly in Key Concepts and subheadings. The former themes of "scientific inquir( and "science, technology, and society" continue to be highlighted throughout the book, not as biological themes but as aspects of how science is done and the role of science in our lives. Integration ofText and Illustrations We regard text and illustrations as equal in importance, and starting with the First Edition, have always developed them simultaneously. The Eighth Edition has a number of new and improved figures, with the increased use of a more threedimensional art style where it can enhance understanding of biological structure. At the same time, we avoid excess detail, which can obscure the main point of the figure. We have also improved our popular "Exploring" Figures and have added more (see the list on p. xii). Each of these large figures is a learning unit that brings together a set of related illustrations and the text that describes them. The Exploring Figures enable students to access dozens of complex topics very efficiently. They are core chapter content, not to be confused with some textbooks' "boxes," which have content peripheral to the flow of a chapter. Modern biology is challenging enough without diverting students' attention from a chapter's conceptual storyline. Telling the Story al the Righi level Whether in pictures or prose, we are committed to explaining biology at just the right level, and we've continued to use Neil's "quantum theory ofteaching biology~ as a touchstone. According to this idea, there are discrete levels at which a concept can be successfully explained, and a successful explanation must avoid getting "stuck bety,.·een levels." Ofcourse, most seasoned instructors have independently recognized this issue, also known as the "too much-too little~ problem. The author team has drawn upon both scientific expertise and teaching experience to tell the story of biology at an appropriate level. The Importance of Scientific Inquiry Another of our core values is our belief in the importance of introducing students to the scientific way of thinking. In both lecture hall and laboratory, the authors and many of our colleagues are experimenting with diverse approaches for involving students in scientific inquiry, the process by which questions about nature are posed and explored. Special features in the textbook and in inquiry-based supplements make this edition of BfOLOGYmore effective than ever in helping instructors convey the process of science in their courses. Modeling Inquiry by Example Every edition of BIOLOGY has traced the history of many research questions and scientific debates to help students appreciate not just "what we know;' but "how we know,~ and "what we do not yet know:' In BfOLOGY, Seventh Edition, we strengthened this aspect of the book by introducing "Inquir( Figures, which showcase examples of experiments and field studies in a format that is consistent throughout the book. Each of these inquiry cases begins with a research question, followed by sections describing the experiment, results, and conclusion. Complementing the Inquiry Figures are "Research Method" Figures, which walk students through the techniques and tools of modern biology. In the Eighth Edition, we have added many more Inquiry Figures; there is now at least one in every chapter and often more (see the list of Inquiry Figures on pp. xii-xiii). Each Preface vii Inquiry Figure now ends with a "What ift question that requires students to demonstrate their understanding of the experiment described. We have also expanded the usefulness of the Inquiry Figures in another important way: In response to feedback from many instructors, we now cite the journal article that is the source of the research, providing a gateway to the primary literature. And the full papers for nine of the Inquiry Figures are reprinted in Inquiry in Action: Interpreting Scientific Papers, by Ruth Buskirk and Christopher Gillen. This new supplement, which can be ordered with the book for no additional charge, provides background information on how to read scientific papers plus specific questions that guide students through the nine featured articles. Learning Inquiry by Practice BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition, encourages students to practice thinking as scientists by tackling the "What if?" questions in the Concept Checks and Inquiry Figures (and occasional figure legends), as well as the "Scientific Inquiry" questions in the Chapter Review. Many of those in the Chapter Reviews ask students to analyze data or to design an experiment. The supplements for the Eighth Edition build on the textbook to provide diverse opportunities for students to practice scientific inquiry in more depth. In addition to Inquiry in Action: Interpreting Scientific Papers, these include new editions ofseveral other supplements that can be made available without cost. One is Biologicallnf[uiry: A Workbook ofInvestigative Cases, Second Edition, by Margaret Waterman and Ethel Stanley; another is Practicing Biology: A Student Workbook, Third Edition, by Jean Heitz and Cynthia Giffen. You can find out more about these and other student supplements, both print and electronic, on pages xx-xxiii. The BIOLOGY Interviews: A Continuing Tradition Scientific inquiry is a social process catalyzed by communi~ cation among people who share a curiosity about nature. One of the many joys of authoring BIOLOGYis the privilege of interviewing some of the world's most influential biologists. Eight new interviews, one opening each unit of the textbook, introduce students to eight of the fascinating individuals who are driving progress in biology and connecting science to society. And in this edition, each unit of the text includes an Inquiry Figure based upon the research of the unit's interviewee; for example, see Inquiry Figure 2.2, on page 31. The interviewees for this edition are listed on page xi. AVersatile Book Our book is intended to serve students as a textbook in their general biology course and also later as a useful tool for review and reference. BIOLOGY's breadth, depth, and versatile organization enable the book to meet these dual goals. Even by limiting our scope to a few Key Concepts per chapter, BIOLOGY spans more biological territory than most introductory viii Preface courses could or should attempt to cover. But given the great diversity of course syllabi, we have opted for a survey broad enough and deep enough to support each instructor's particular emphases. Students also seem to appreciate BIOLOGYs breadth and depth; in this era when students sell many of their textbooks back to the bookstore, more than 75% of students who have used BIOLOGYhave kept it after their introductory course. In fact, we are delighted to receive mail from upper division students and graduate students, including medical students, expressing their appreciation for the long-term value of BIOLOGYas ageneral resource for their continuing education. Just as we recognize that few courses will cover all 56 chapters of the textbook, we also understand that there is no single correct sequence of topics for a general biology course. Though a biology textbook's table of contents must be linear, biology itself is more like a web of related concepts without a fixed starting point or a prescribed path. Diverse courses can navigate this network of concepts starting with molecules and cells, or with evolution and the diversity of organisms, or with the big-picture ideas of ecol· ogy. We have built BIOLOGY to be versatile enough to support these different syllabi. The eight units ofthe book are largely selfcontained, and, for most ofthe units, the chapters can be assigned in a different sequence ""ithout substantial loss ofcoherence. For example, instructors who integrate plant and animal physiology can merge chapters from Unit Six (Plant Form and FlUlction) and Unit Seven (Animal Form and Function) to fit their courses. AJ;, another option, instructors who begin their course with ecology and continue with this top-down approach can assign Unit Eight (Ecology) right after Chapter 1, which introduces the Unifying themes that provide students with a panoramic view of biology no matter what the topic order ofthe course syllabus. Our Partnership with Instructors A core value underlying all our work as authors is our belief in the importance of our partnership with instructors. Our primary way of serving instructors, of course, is providing a textbook that serves their students well. In addition, Benjamin Cummings makes available a wealth of instructor resources, in both print and electronic form (see pp. xx-xxiii). However, our rela~ tionship with instructors is nota one-way street. In our continu~ ing efforts to improve the book and its supplements, we benefit tremendously from instructor feedback, not only in formal re~ views from hundreds ofscientists, but also via informal communication in person and byphone and e-mai1. Neil Campbell built a vast network ofcolleagues throughout the world, and my new coauthors and I are fully committed to continuing that tradition. The real test of any textbook is how well it helps instructors teach and students learn. We welcome comments from the students and professors who use BIOLOGY. Please address your suggestions to me: Jane Reece, Pearson Benjamin Cummings 1301 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111 E-mail address: [email protected]

This section provides just a few highlights of new content and organizational improvements in BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition. UNIT ONE The Chemistry of Life New examples make basic chemistry more engaging for students, including an explanation of why steam can burn your skin in Chapter 3, the structures of the enantiomeric medications ibuprofen and albuterol in Chapter 4, and information on trans fats in Chapter 5. Anew Inquiry Figure in Chapter 3 relates acidity to the emerging global problem of ocean acidification and its effects on coral reefs. The new Inquiry Figure in Chapter 5 shows Roger Kornberg's 3-D model of the RNA polymerase-DNA-RNA complex, work for which he won the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. UNIT TWO The Cell The judicious addition of recent research includes updated coverage of the sensory roles ofprimary cilia in Chapter 6, new developments regarding the membrane model in Chapter 7, and Paul Nurse's Nobel Prize-winning work on the cell cycle in Chapter 12. Chapter 11 now ends with a section on apoptosis, formerly in Chapter 21. New Inquiry Figures in this unit describe research on the role of microtubules in orienting cellulose in cell walls (Chapter 6), allosteric regulators of enzymes (Chapter 8), ATP synthase (Chapter 9), yeast cell signaling (Chapter ll), and a cell cycle regulator (Chapter 12). UNIT THREE Genetics Chapter 14 now includes "Tips for Genetics 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 In Chapter 15, sex linkage is discussed directly after the discussion of the white-eye trait in Morgan's fruit flies. Chapter 16 covers replication of the bacterial chromosome and the structure of the eukaryotic chromosome (including a new Exploring Figure), formerly in Chapters 18 and 19, respectively. We have reorganized Chapters 18-21 with the dual aims of telling a more coherent story and facilitating instructors' coverage of molecular genetics. Regulation of gene expression for both bacteria and eukaryotes is now consolidated in Chapter 18, which also includes a concept section on the crucial role of small RNAs in eukaryotes. We have streamlined material on the genetic basis of development (formerly in Chapter 21), and included it in Chapter 18, where it provides the ultimate example of gene regulation. Chapter 18 ends with a section on the molecular basis of cancer (previously in Chapter 19), to demonstrate what happens when gene regulation goes awry. Material on bacterial genetics in Seventh Edition Chapter 18 has been moved to other chapters within the genetics unit and to Chapter 27 on prokaryotes. Chapter 19 now covers only viruses (from Seventh Edition Chapter 18), giving this chapter the flexibility to be assigned at any point in the course. Chapter 20 continues to cover biotechnology, but genome sequencing and analysis have been moved to Chapter 21. Cloning and stem cell production are now in Chapter 20. Newly explained techniques include the screening of an arrayed library, BAC clones, Northern blotting, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization. The explosion of discoveries about genomes and their evolution led us to develop a chapter devoted to this subject, the new Chapter 21. This chapter consolidates new material with topics from Chapters 19-21 of the Seventh Edition. UNIT FOUR Mechanisms of Evolution Our revision emphasizes the centrality of evolution to biology and the breadth and depth of evidence for evolution. New examples and Inquiry Figures present data from field and laboratory studies and reveal how scientists study evolution. Chapter 22 discusses how evolution can be viewed as both a pattern and a process, and introduces three key observations about life that are explained by evolution: the match between organisms and their environments (adaptation); the shared characteristics (unity) oflife; and the diversity of life. This discussion serves as a conceptual anchor throughout Units Four and Five. Chapters 24 and 25 have been significantly reorganized. Chapter 24 is now more tightly focused on speciation, enabling better pacing of this highly conceptual material. A new concept section explores hybrid zones as naturallaboratories for studying speciation. Chapter 25 focuses on macroevolution, incorporating topics formerly in Chapters 24 and 26, such as the correlations between Earth's geologic and biological history. But the primary storyline concerns what we can learn from the fossil record about the evolutionary history of life. New text and figures explore how the rise and fall of dominant groups of organisms are linked to large-scale processes such as continental drift, mass extinctions, and adaptive radiations. Coverage of evo-devo has been expanded. Phylogenetic trees are introduced earlier, in a new section on "tree-thinking" in Chapter 22. This material supports students in interpreting diagrams before studying phylogenetics more fully in Chapter 26. UNIT FIVE The Evolutionary History of Biological Diversity A new Chapter 26, Phylogeny and the Tree of Life, introduces the unit. Extending material formerly in Chapter 25, it describes how evolutionary trees are constructed and underscores their role as tools for understanding relationships, rather than facts to be memorized. New sections address common misconceptions in interpreting trees and help motivate students with practical applications. Chapter 27 has a new concept section on prokaryotic reproduction, mutation, and recombination (formerly in Chapter 18). This unifies the coverage of prokaryote biology and supports students in developing a fuller understanding of these microorganisms. Throughout Unit Five, along with updating the phyloge· nies of various groups of organisms-introducing, for exam· pie, the 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 􀀀 hypothesis of eukaryotic phylogeny (in Chapter 28) -we have found new opportunities to use the study of phylogeny as an opportunity to illustrate the iterative nature of the scientific process. We aim to help students stay focused on the big picture ofwhy biologists study evolutionary relationships. Each chapter also now includes an Inquiry figure that models how researchers study organisms and their relationships. At the same time, in each chapter we highlight the key roles that various organisms play in the biosphere as well as their applied importance for humans. UNIT SIX Plant Form and Function Revisions to this unit draw more attention to the experimental basis of our understanding of plant biology. New examples include recent progress toward identifying the flowering "hormone" (Chapter 39). Featured in new Inquiry Figures are experiments demonstrating, for example, that trichomes affect insect feeding (Chapter 35) and that informational molecules transported through the symplast affect plant de· velopment (Chapter 36). In Chapter 36, now titled Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants, a new first concept section explores how architectural features of plants facilitate resource acquisition, helping students relate the transport of water and nutrients to what they learned in Chapter 35 about plant structure and growth. Another new concept section, on symplastic transport, discusses recent insights into changes in plasmodesmata shape and number and the transmission of electrical and molecular signals throughout the plant. This unit now has more examples of practical applica· tions of plant biotechnology. For instance, Chapter 37 dis· cusses how genetic modification has increased the resist· ance of some plants to aluminum toxicity and has improved the flood tolerance of rice crops. Chapter 38 elaborates on the principles of plant breeding and incorporates a new section on genetic engineering of biofuels. x New to the Eighth Edition UNIT SEVEN Animal Form and Function An evolutionary perspective more strongly pervades this unit, underscoring how environment and physical laws shape adaptations across animal groups. Each chapter now includes at least one Inquiry Figure; together, these figures highlight the wide range of methodologies used to study animal physiology, including several experiments using molecular biology techniques students studied earlier in the book. Chapter 40 has been revised and reorganized to highlight functional relationships at all levels of organization in animal bodies; thermoregulation serves as an extended example throughout the chapter. Chapter 43, The Immune System, has been extensively revised. For instance, we now contrast recognition of pathogen class in innate immunity with antigenspecific recognition in adaptive immunity, helping overcome the common misconception that recognition is absent in innate immunity. We have divided the former nervous system chapter into m'o, enabling us to better pace difficult material and high· light dynamic current research by focusing first on cellular processes in Chapter 48, and then on nervous system or· ganization and function in Chapter 49. Chapter 50 rounds out the discussion of nervous system function by examining sensory and motor mechanisms. This sequence leads naturally into Chapter 51 on animal behavior (formerly in Unit Eight), which ties together aspects of genetics, natural selection, and physiology, and provides a bridge to the ecology unit. UNIT EIGHT Ecology This unit, which now includes Chapters 52·56, incorporates many new examples that demonstrate a range of methods and scales ofstudy. For example, a new figure in Chapter 52 describes a large·scale field experiment in which researchers manipulated precipitation levels in forest plots, while new Research Method figures describe determining population size using the mark-recapture method (Chapter 53), using molecular tools to measure diversity of soil microorganisms (Chapter 54), and determining primary production with satellite data (Chapter 55). By building on earlier units, we hope to demonstrate how ecology represents a fitting capstone to the book. We provide more microbial examples and more aquatic ones, from diverse locations around the globe. For instance, Chapter 52 now discusses the importance of salinity in determining the distribution ofaquatic organisms, and Chapter 54's coverage of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis includes a new figure on a quantitative test of the hypothesis in New Zealand streams. The unit highlights the great relevance of ecology to society and to students' lives. A new concept section in Chapter 54, for example, discusses how community ecology helps us understand pathogen life cycles and control disease. BIOLOGY Eighth Edition Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Berkeley, California Lisa A. Urry Mills College. Oakland, California Michael L. Cain Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine Steven A. Wasserman University of California, San Diego Peter V. Minorsky Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York Robert B. Jackson Duke University, Durham, North Carolina PEARSON -- BeI\.iamin Cummings San Francisco Boston New York Cape Town Hong Kong London Madrid Mexico City Montreal Munich Paris Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

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